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永州翻譯公司關鍵字：[Summary] farmers' income growth in recent years of continuous decline, so that once narrowed the income gap between urban and rural areas showed a tendency to widen again, this will inevitably widen the gap between rural and urban comprehensive development, and directly affect the grand blueprint of building a moderately prosperous society in the implementation. In this paper, China's income gap between urban and rural residents do to explore the underlying causes, and on this issue made a number of policy recommendations.
[Key Words] the income gap, dual structure, urbanizationSince reform and opening, China's sustained rapid growth of urban and rural incomes, but the gap is growing. According to the National Bureau of Statistics figures, in 2003 the income gap between urban and rural residents was 3.24:1. To the full realization of well-off goal, a necessary requirement for the coordinated development of urban and rural economy, completely change the existing urban-rural dual economic structure. In recent years, the slow growth of income of rural residents, urban-rural income gap is widening, not because of urban residents 'income is too high, but because of farmers' income is too low. The full realization of well-off is a challenge, we must take practical policy, efforts to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, improve farmers' income levels. In this paper, by examining the income gap between urban and rural areas of reform and opening up the trajectory, for deep analysis of this issue.
First, China's income gap between urban and rural residents Analysis20 years, the income gap between urban and rural residents experienced a gradual expansion into the rapidly shrinking by gradually expanding to shrinking, then gradually reduced to accelerate the expansion of the development process. 1978 urban-rural income ratio of 2.57:1 (the income of rural residents to 1) in 1985 reached its lowest point for 1.8:1,1994 peaked urban-rural income ratio of 2.86:1, more than the reform and opening up level. Reached a new bottom in 1997, urban-rural income ratio of 2.47:1, less than the pre-reform levels. After 1997, the income gap between urban and rural residents began to accelerate expansion, breaking a record high in 2001, urban-rural income ratio expanded to continue to expand to 3.11:1,2003 2.90:1,2002 years was expanded to 3.24:1, the expansion was sustained trend.
According to the national security of the quintile had the Statistics Law of view, the poorest 20% of the population share of total income of 5.5% (while the U.S. is 4.27%), lowest 40% of the population accounted for 15.4% of revenue, up 10% proportion of the population income was 30.9%, the highest income 20% of the population accounted for 47.5% (44.6% over the same period the United States), 100,000 billion of deposits in 20% of wealthy people held 80% of the share. Gini coefficient of 0.455 in 1995 (Gini coefficient below 0.3 for the average, between 0.3 and 0.4 for the medium does not mean the state, the gap between the poor state compared to more than 0.4). And other countries compared to the corresponding period, China's wealth gap is too large (mainly urban-rural gap is too large), but also created a so-called "rich richer and the poor poorer," the horse eliminating the effect.
In addition, the CASS Institute of Economics of income distribution group, respectively, in 1988, 1995, 2002, launched three nationwide household survey, in the recently completed investigation report concluded that: the income gap between urban and rural China, From the 1990s there has been increased and then a process of expansion. National Bureau of Statistics according to the concept of calculation of personal income from 1994, the income gap between urban and rural areas on a downward trend since 1997 has gradually expanded, in 2001 the per capita income of urban residents is almost three times the rural residents. But this conclusion does not truly reflect the actual income between urban and rural differences. Disposable income of urban residents are not covered by urban residents enjoy a variety of in-kind subsidies. If the city residents enjoy a variety of in-kind subsidies (health, education, pensions, unemployment insurance, minimum living relief, etc.) into account, the income gap between urban and rural areas may have to reach four times, five times, and even six times.Second, the income gap between urban and rural residents in the formation of the underlying causes of
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